Ground cover herbs offer a beautiful and practical alternative to traditional lawns, adding texture, fragrance, and even culinary or medicinal value to your garden. They’re low-maintenance, suppress weeds, and help prevent soil erosion, making them a valuable addition to any landscape. Choosing the right herbs for your ground cover depends on factors like your climate, soil type, sunlight exposure, and desired aesthetic. Let’s explore some of the best herbaceous ground cover options.
Benefits of Using Herbaceous Ground Cover
Using herbs as ground cover extends beyond just aesthetics. They offer numerous benefits that can improve the health and beauty of your garden.
One of the most significant benefits is weed suppression. Dense mats of herbs can effectively block sunlight from reaching weed seeds, preventing them from germinating and growing. This reduces the need for herbicides and saves you time and effort on weeding.
Herbaceous ground covers also help prevent soil erosion, especially on slopes or in areas with heavy rainfall. The root systems of these herbs bind the soil together, preventing it from being washed away.
Many ground cover herbs are low-maintenance, requiring less watering, mowing, and fertilizing than traditional lawns. This makes them an ideal choice for gardeners who want a beautiful landscape without a lot of upkeep.
Adding herbs as ground cover increases the biodiversity of your garden. They attract beneficial insects, such as pollinators and predators, creating a healthier ecosystem.
Furthermore, some ground cover herbs are edible or medicinal, providing you with fresh ingredients right in your backyard. Imagine stepping outside to harvest thyme for your dinner or chamomile for a soothing tea.
Finally, herbs offer a variety of textures, colors, and fragrances, adding visual interest and sensory appeal to your garden.
Popular Herbaceous Ground Cover Options
Many herbs are well-suited for use as ground cover. The best choice depends on your specific needs and growing conditions.
Thyme (Thymus spp.)
Thyme is a classic choice for herbaceous ground cover, known for its aromatic foliage and drought tolerance. It thrives in sunny locations with well-drained soil and comes in various varieties, each with unique characteristics.
Creeping Thyme (Thymus serpyllum) is perhaps the most popular option. It forms a dense, low-growing mat that can tolerate light foot traffic. It also produces tiny, beautiful flowers in shades of pink, purple, or white, attracting bees and butterflies. Creeping thyme is a good choice for planting between pavers or along walkways.
Woolly Thyme (Thymus pseudolanuginosus) features soft, fuzzy leaves and forms a dense, silvery-gray mat. It’s not as tolerant of foot traffic as creeping thyme but makes an excellent ground cover for rock gardens or dry slopes.
Lemon Thyme (Thymus citriodorus) offers a refreshing lemon scent and flavor. It’s slightly taller than creeping thyme but still forms a dense mat. Its variegated varieties, like ‘Golden Lemon,’ add visual interest to the garden.
Growing Thyme as Ground Cover
Thyme is relatively easy to grow. Plant it in full sun and well-drained soil. Avoid overwatering, as thyme is susceptible to root rot in soggy conditions. Prune it lightly after flowering to maintain its shape and density.
Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile)
Chamomile is another popular choice for herbaceous ground cover, prized for its delicate, daisy-like flowers and calming fragrance. It’s often used to create chamomile lawns, although it’s not as tolerant of heavy foot traffic as some other options.
Chamomile prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. There are two main types of chamomile: Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) and German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla). Roman chamomile is the one typically used as ground cover, as it’s perennial and low-growing. German chamomile is an annual and grows taller.
Growing Chamomile as Ground Cover
Chamomile can be grown from seed or purchased as starter plants. Sow seeds in the spring or fall. Water regularly until the plants are established. Once established, chamomile is relatively drought-tolerant. To maintain a neat appearance, mow or trim the plants after flowering.
Clover (Trifolium spp.)
Clover is a nitrogen-fixing legume that can improve soil fertility while providing a beautiful ground cover. It’s a good alternative to traditional lawns, especially in areas with poor soil.
White Clover (Trifolium repens) is the most commonly used type of clover for ground cover. It’s low-growing, spreads quickly, and tolerates moderate foot traffic. It also attracts bees and other pollinators.
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) is taller than white clover and has larger, pinkish-red flowers. It’s not as well-suited for ground cover as white clover but can still be used in certain situations.
Growing Clover as Ground Cover
Clover is easy to grow from seed. Sow seeds in the spring or fall. Clover prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It’s relatively drought-tolerant once established. Mow or trim the plants occasionally to maintain a neat appearance.
Mint (Mentha spp.)
Mint is known for its aromatic foliage and vigorous growth habit. While its aggressive spreading can be a concern, it can be contained and used effectively as a fragrant ground cover in certain areas.
Creeping Mint (Mentha requienii) is the most popular type of mint for ground cover. It’s a tiny, low-growing plant with a strong peppermint scent. It’s often used to plant between pavers or in rock gardens.
Corsican Mint (Mentha requienii) is similar to creeping mint but is even smaller and more delicate. It has a strong peppermint scent and is often used in culinary applications.
Growing Mint as Ground Cover
Mint prefers moist, well-drained soil and partial shade. Be prepared to contain its spread by using barriers or planting it in containers. Regular pruning can help maintain its shape and density.
Sedum (Sedum spp.)
Sedum, also known as stonecrop, is a succulent that thrives in dry, sunny locations. Its drought tolerance and unique textures make it an excellent choice for ground cover in rock gardens, slopes, or other challenging areas.
Creeping Sedum (Sedum spp.) comes in a variety of colors and textures, from bright green to bronze to purple. It forms a dense mat that can tolerate light foot traffic.
Sedum ‘Angelina’ is a popular variety with bright golden-yellow foliage that turns orange-red in the fall.
Growing Sedum as Ground Cover
Sedum is very easy to grow. Plant it in full sun and well-drained soil. Avoid overwatering, as sedum is susceptible to root rot in soggy conditions.
Other Herbaceous Ground Cover Options
Beyond the most popular choices, numerous other herbs can function as effective ground covers, each with unique characteristics and benefits.
Sweet Woodruff (Galium odoratum) is a shade-loving ground cover with fragrant foliage and delicate white flowers. It spreads quickly and can be used to create a lush carpet under trees or shrubs.
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a drought-tolerant ground cover with feathery foliage and clusters of colorful flowers. It attracts beneficial insects and is relatively low-maintenance.
Dianthus (Dianthus spp.), also known as pinks, offers fragrant, colorful blooms and attractive foliage. Many varieties are low-growing and well-suited for ground cover.
Snow-in-Summer (Cerastium tomentosum) features silvery-gray foliage and masses of white flowers in the summer. It’s a good choice for dry, sunny locations.
Considerations for Choosing Ground Cover Herbs
Selecting the right ground cover herbs requires careful consideration of several factors to ensure success.
Climate is a primary consideration. Some herbs are more tolerant of cold winters, while others thrive in hot, dry climates. Choose herbs that are well-suited to your local climate.
Soil type also plays a significant role. Some herbs prefer well-drained soil, while others can tolerate clay or sandy soil. Amend your soil as needed to create the ideal growing conditions for your chosen herbs.
Sunlight exposure is another important factor. Some herbs need full sun, while others prefer partial shade. Match the herbs to the amount of sunlight available in your garden.
Foot traffic is also crucial. If you plan to walk on your ground cover, choose herbs that can tolerate moderate foot traffic. Thyme and clover are good choices for areas with light foot traffic, while chamomile is best suited for areas with little or no traffic.
Desired aesthetic is, of course, a personal preference. Consider the texture, color, and fragrance of the herbs when making your selection.
Maintenance requirements vary among different herbs. Choose herbs that fit your lifestyle and gardening skills. Some herbs require more pruning and care than others.
Planting and Maintaining Herbaceous Ground Cover
Proper planting and maintenance are essential for establishing and maintaining healthy ground cover herbs.
Soil preparation is crucial. Before planting, clear the area of weeds and debris. Amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
Planting should be done in the spring or fall. Space the plants according to their mature size. Water thoroughly after planting.
Watering is important, especially during the first few weeks after planting. Once established, most ground cover herbs are relatively drought-tolerant.
Fertilizing is usually not necessary, especially if the soil is amended with compost. However, a light application of fertilizer in the spring can promote healthy growth.
Pruning can help maintain the shape and density of the ground cover. Trim the plants after flowering to prevent them from becoming leggy.
Weed control is essential, especially during the first few years. Hand-pull weeds or use a natural herbicide. Once the ground cover is established, it will suppress weeds on its own.
Pest and disease control is generally not a major concern, as most ground cover herbs are relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, monitor the plants regularly and take action if any problems arise.
Selecting the right herbaceous ground cover and following these guidelines will help you create a beautiful and sustainable landscape that you can enjoy for years to come.
What are the benefits of using herbs as ground cover?
Using herbs as ground cover offers a multitude of benefits, extending beyond simple aesthetics. They actively suppress weed growth by creating a dense mat, which deprives unwanted plants of sunlight and space. Many ground cover herbs also contribute to soil health by improving drainage, adding organic matter as they decompose, and even fixing nitrogen in the soil, enriching it for other plants. This reduces the need for herbicides and manual weeding, creating a more sustainable and low-maintenance garden.
Furthermore, many of these herbs are fragrant, releasing delightful scents when stepped upon or brushed against, enhancing the sensory experience of your garden. They can also attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, contributing to a healthier ecosystem. Edible ground cover herbs offer the added bonus of fresh ingredients readily available for culinary use, blending beauty and practicality seamlessly in your landscape.
Which herbs are best suited for high-traffic areas as ground cover?
For high-traffic areas, you need herbs that can withstand frequent foot traffic and recover quickly. Creeping thyme (especially varieties like ‘Elfin’ and ‘Doone Valley’) is an excellent choice because it’s durable, low-growing, and releases a pleasant fragrance when walked on. Roman chamomile is another popular option, offering a soft, cushiony feel underfoot and a sweet, apple-like aroma; however, it may require occasional reseeding to maintain density in heavily trafficked spots.
Consider also Corsican mint, which is extremely low-growing and spreads rapidly, creating a dense carpet. Be mindful that Corsican mint is quite vigorous and may require containment to prevent it from spreading into unwanted areas. While these herbs tolerate some foot traffic, excessive or constant trampling can still damage them. You might consider incorporating stepping stones or pathways to protect particularly vulnerable areas.
How do I prepare the soil before planting ground cover herbs?
Proper soil preparation is crucial for the successful establishment of ground cover herbs. Start by clearing the area of existing weeds, grass, and debris. Loosen the soil to a depth of at least 6-8 inches to improve drainage and aeration. Amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to enhance its fertility and water-holding capacity. A well-draining soil is essential, as many herbs are susceptible to root rot in overly wet conditions.
Conducting a soil test is highly recommended to determine the pH level and nutrient content. Most herbs prefer a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (around 6.0 to 7.0). Adjust the pH as needed by adding lime to raise it or sulfur to lower it. Incorporate any necessary amendments according to the soil test results before planting. This initial investment in soil preparation will significantly improve the herbs’ ability to thrive and create a dense, healthy ground cover.
What are the best methods for planting ground cover herbs?
When planting ground cover herbs, consider starting with young plants or plugs rather than seeds for a more established and quicker spread. Space the plants according to their mature width, generally 6-12 inches apart, to allow for proper coverage. Dig holes slightly larger than the root ball of each plant and gently place them in the holes, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil and encourage root growth.
Mulching around the newly planted herbs with organic matter, such as shredded bark or straw, helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. As the herbs begin to spread, you can encourage denser growth by pinching back the tips of the stems. Regular watering during the initial establishment phase is critical, especially during dry periods. Once established, most ground cover herbs are relatively drought-tolerant.
How often should I water ground cover herbs?
The watering needs of ground cover herbs vary depending on the specific variety, soil type, and climate. Newly planted herbs require regular watering to establish a strong root system. During the first few weeks, water deeply and frequently, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. As the herbs mature, you can gradually reduce the frequency of watering.
Once established, most ground cover herbs are relatively drought-tolerant and only require watering during prolonged dry spells. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. Check the soil moisture level before watering; if the top inch of soil is dry, it’s time to water. Consider using a soaker hose or drip irrigation system to deliver water directly to the roots, minimizing water loss through evaporation and reducing the risk of foliar diseases.
How can I control the spread of ground cover herbs?
While the spreading nature of ground cover herbs is desirable for filling in spaces, it’s important to manage their growth to prevent them from becoming invasive. Physical barriers, such as edging made of plastic, metal, or stone, can effectively contain the spread of aggressive herbs. Bury the edging several inches deep into the soil to prevent the herbs from spreading underground.
Regular pruning or trimming can also help control the spread and maintain the desired shape and size of the ground cover. Remove any runners or stems that extend beyond the designated area. Deadheading spent flowers prevents seed production, which can further limit the spread. In some cases, dividing the plants every few years can help rejuvenate them and control their size.
What are some common problems to watch out for when growing ground cover herbs?
Several common problems can arise when growing ground cover herbs, including weed competition, fungal diseases, and pest infestations. Consistent weeding is essential, especially during the initial establishment phase, to prevent weeds from competing for resources. Mulching can help suppress weed growth. Ensure proper air circulation and drainage to minimize the risk of fungal diseases, such as root rot and powdery mildew.
Monitor the plants regularly for signs of pests, such as aphids, slugs, and snails. Treat infestations promptly with appropriate organic or chemical controls. In some cases, poor soil conditions or nutrient deficiencies can lead to stunted growth or discoloration. Conduct a soil test and amend the soil as needed to provide the herbs with the nutrients they require. Choosing herb varieties that are well-suited to your local climate and soil conditions can also minimize potential problems.