Landscape edging is a popular way to define garden beds, walkways, and other outdoor spaces, adding visual appeal and functionality. But when installing edging, a common question arises: should you put landscape fabric underneath? The answer isn’t a simple yes or no. It depends on various factors, and understanding the pros and cons of using landscape fabric in this context is crucial for making the best decision for your landscape.
Understanding Landscape Fabric
Landscape fabric, also known as weed barrier fabric or geotextile fabric, is a porous material designed to suppress weed growth, stabilize soil, and sometimes, filter water. It comes in various forms, from lightweight, spun-bond fabrics to heavier, woven materials. The idea is to allow water and nutrients to permeate the soil while preventing weed seeds from germinating.
Different Types of Landscape Fabric
Not all landscape fabrics are created equal. The type of fabric you choose will significantly impact its performance and longevity.
Woven Landscape Fabric: This type is made of tightly woven strands of material, typically polypropylene. It’s stronger and more durable than non-woven options, making it suitable for areas with heavy foot traffic or potential soil erosion. It is often used under pathways and driveways.
Spun-Bonded Landscape Fabric: Spun-bonded fabrics are lighter and more flexible, consisting of fibers bonded together. They’re more cost-effective but less durable, ideal for garden beds where weed suppression is the primary goal.
Perforated Landscape Fabric: This fabric has pre-made holes to allow for easier planting.
Choosing the right type depends on the specific application. For edging applications, durability and water permeability are key considerations.
How Landscape Fabric is Supposed to Work
The primary function of landscape fabric is to act as a barrier, preventing weed seeds in the soil from reaching sunlight and germinating. It’s designed to allow water and air to pass through, ensuring healthy soil conditions for desired plants. However, over time, soil and organic matter can accumulate on top of the fabric, creating a new seedbed for weeds.
The Argument for Using Landscape Fabric Under Edging
There are several reasons why some homeowners and landscapers opt to install landscape fabric under edging.
Weed Control
The most cited benefit is weed control. By creating a barrier, the fabric prevents weeds from growing up along the edging and infiltrating the garden bed or pathway. This reduces the need for manual weeding or herbicide application. This can save considerable time and effort in the long run.
Stabilizing the Edging
Landscape fabric can provide a more stable base for the edging material, particularly in loose or sandy soil. The fabric helps to prevent the edging from sinking or shifting over time, maintaining a clean and defined border.
Preventing Soil Erosion
In sloped areas, landscape fabric can help prevent soil erosion along the edging. The fabric acts as a stabilizer, keeping the soil in place and preventing it from washing away during heavy rain.
Separating Materials
Landscape fabric can be used to separate different types of materials, such as gravel from soil. This can prevent the gravel from mixing with the soil over time, maintaining a clean and distinct boundary. This is particularly useful for pathways with gravel or mulch.
The Argument Against Using Landscape Fabric Under Edging
Despite the perceived benefits, there are several drawbacks to using landscape fabric under edging.
Reduced Soil Health
One of the biggest concerns is that landscape fabric can impede the natural flow of air and water in the soil. Over time, this can lead to soil compaction and reduced soil health. Beneficial organisms, such as earthworms, may also be hindered, impacting the overall ecosystem of the soil.
Difficulty Planting
If you plan to add plants near the edging in the future, landscape fabric can make planting more difficult. You’ll need to cut through the fabric, which can be challenging and time-consuming. Moreover, the cut edges of the fabric can fray, creating an unsightly mess.
Weed Seeds Germinating Above the Fabric
While landscape fabric can prevent weeds from germinating below, it doesn’t stop weed seeds from landing on top of the fabric and germinating in the layer of soil and organic matter that accumulates over time. In fact, removing weeds that grow on top of the fabric can be more difficult, as their roots can become entangled in the fabric. This can lead to even more persistent weed problems.
Decomposition and Maintenance
Landscape fabric doesn’t last forever. Over time, it can decompose, tear, and become clogged with soil and debris. Removing and replacing the fabric can be a major undertaking. Cheap fabric will degrade even faster.
Water Runoff
If the fabric is not properly installed, it can impede water infiltration, leading to water runoff and potentially depriving plants of necessary moisture.
Alternatives to Landscape Fabric
Fortunately, there are several effective alternatives to using landscape fabric under edging.
Cardboard
A layer of cardboard can be an excellent biodegradable weed barrier. It will eventually decompose, enriching the soil as it does. It is most effective when covered with a layer of mulch.
Mulch
A thick layer of mulch, such as wood chips or shredded bark, can effectively suppress weeds while also improving soil health. Mulch also helps to retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
Newspaper
Like cardboard, layers of newspaper can be used as a biodegradable weed barrier. Newspaper will also decompose and enrich the soil. Ensure the newspaper is thoroughly wetted before applying mulch.
Proper Edging Installation
A well-installed edging system can naturally deter weed growth. Ensure the edging is buried deep enough to prevent weeds from creeping underneath. Choose edging materials that create a solid barrier.
Regular Weeding
While it may seem obvious, regular weeding is one of the most effective ways to control weeds. By removing weeds before they go to seed, you can significantly reduce the weed population in your garden.
Using Herbicides
Selective herbicides can be used to control weeds without harming desired plants. However, it’s essential to use herbicides carefully and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
Sheet Mulching
Sheet mulching, also known as lasagna gardening, involves layering organic materials, such as cardboard, leaves, and compost, to create a rich and weed-free planting bed.
Making the Right Decision for Your Landscape
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to use landscape fabric under edging depends on your specific needs and circumstances. Consider the following factors:
Soil Type
If you have sandy or loose soil, landscape fabric might provide some stability. However, if you have healthy, well-draining soil, it might not be necessary.
Weed Pressure
If you’re dealing with a severe weed problem, landscape fabric might offer some temporary relief. However, it’s essential to address the underlying causes of weed growth, such as poor soil health or excessive sunlight.
Budget
Landscape fabric can be an added expense. Consider the cost of the fabric itself, as well as the labor required for installation.
Long-Term Maintenance
Think about the long-term maintenance implications of using landscape fabric. Will you be willing to remove and replace the fabric when it degrades?
Environmental Impact
Consider the environmental impact of using landscape fabric. Is it biodegradable? Will it contribute to plastic waste?
Installing Landscape Fabric Under Edging (If You Choose To)
If, after considering all the factors, you decide to use landscape fabric under edging, here are some tips for proper installation:
Prepare the Area
Clear the area of all existing weeds, rocks, and debris. Level the soil and ensure it’s properly compacted.
Choose the Right Fabric
Select a high-quality, durable landscape fabric that’s appropriate for your soil type and weed pressure.
Cut the Fabric to Size
Cut the fabric to the desired size, allowing for some overlap along the edges.
Lay the Fabric
Lay the fabric over the prepared area, ensuring it’s taut and wrinkle-free.
Secure the Fabric
Use landscape staples or pins to secure the fabric in place. Space the staples every 12-18 inches along the edges and in the center.
Install the Edging
Install the edging according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Make sure the edging is firmly embedded in the soil and provides a tight seal against the landscape fabric.
Add Mulch
Cover the landscape fabric with a layer of mulch to help suppress weeds and retain moisture.
Conclusion
The question of whether or not to put landscape fabric under edging doesn’t have a universally right or wrong answer. While it can offer some benefits in terms of weed control and stabilization, it also has potential drawbacks, including reduced soil health and increased maintenance. Carefully consider your specific needs, weigh the pros and cons, and explore alternative solutions before making a decision. A well-maintained garden, achieved through informed choices and diligent care, will always be more rewarding than a quick fix that might cause problems down the road. Ultimately, a holistic approach to gardening, focusing on soil health and proactive weed management, is often the most sustainable and effective solution.
What are the primary benefits of using landscape fabric under edging?
Landscape fabric, when properly installed under edging, primarily acts as a barrier against weed growth and prevents soil erosion. By suppressing weed seeds from germinating and growing along the edge of your garden beds or walkways, it reduces the need for manual weeding and herbicide application. Additionally, it helps stabilize the soil, preventing it from being washed away during heavy rains, thus maintaining the integrity of your edging and the overall landscape design.
The use of landscape fabric can also contribute to improved drainage in some situations, especially in areas with heavy clay soil. It allows water to permeate through while preventing the migration of soil particles, reducing compaction and promoting better root health for nearby plants. However, it’s important to choose a breathable fabric and ensure proper installation to avoid creating drainage problems.
What are the potential drawbacks of using landscape fabric under edging?
One major disadvantage is the potential for landscape fabric to become clogged over time. As organic matter decomposes and filters down through the fabric, it can create a barrier that inhibits water and nutrient flow to the soil. This can negatively impact the health of plants growing near the edging, potentially leading to stunted growth or even death.
Another significant concern is the difficulty in removing landscape fabric once it’s been installed for an extended period. Plant roots often grow through the fabric, making it extremely challenging and labor-intensive to extract without damaging the surrounding plants or the edging itself. This can also complicate future landscaping projects or plant modifications in the area.
Is landscape fabric always necessary under edging?
No, landscape fabric is not always a necessity. In situations where weed pressure is minimal and the soil is naturally well-draining, it might be better to forgo its use. Alternatives like mulching heavily with organic materials can provide weed suppression and soil enrichment without the potential drawbacks of landscape fabric.
The decision to use landscape fabric should be based on a careful assessment of your specific landscaping needs and the characteristics of your soil. Consider the long-term maintenance requirements and the potential impact on the health of your plants before making a decision. In some cases, a more permeable geotextile fabric might be a better choice.
What type of landscape fabric is best for use under edging?
For use under edging, a woven landscape fabric is generally recommended over a non-woven fabric, particularly in high-traffic areas. Woven fabrics tend to be more durable and resistant to tearing, providing better long-term weed control and soil stabilization. They also allow for better water permeability compared to some non-woven options.
Heavier-duty fabrics are preferable, especially if you anticipate significant foot traffic or are dealing with persistent weeds. Look for fabrics with a higher tear strength and UV resistance to ensure they can withstand the elements and maintain their integrity over time. Always check the manufacturer’s specifications to ensure the fabric is suitable for your intended purpose.
How should I properly install landscape fabric under edging?
Proper installation is crucial for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the drawbacks of landscape fabric. Start by preparing the soil, removing any existing weeds, rocks, and debris. Ensure the soil is level and slightly compacted before laying down the fabric. Overlap the fabric edges by at least 6-12 inches to prevent weed growth between the seams.
Secure the fabric with landscape staples every 12-18 inches along the edging and throughout the area to prevent it from shifting or billowing in the wind. Make sure the staples are driven deep enough into the soil to provide a firm hold. Once the fabric is secured, you can install your edging materials on top, ensuring they are also firmly anchored.
Are there environmentally friendly alternatives to landscape fabric?
Yes, several environmentally friendly alternatives can effectively suppress weeds and stabilize soil. Organic mulches, such as wood chips, shredded bark, and compost, are excellent options. They decompose over time, enriching the soil and providing nutrients for your plants.
Another alternative is using cardboard or newspaper as a weed barrier. These materials are biodegradable and will eventually break down, adding organic matter to the soil. Layering several sheets of cardboard or newspaper and covering them with mulch can provide effective weed suppression. Consider also using groundcovers suitable for the area to act as a living mulch.
What are the signs that landscape fabric under edging needs to be replaced?
One of the most obvious signs is the emergence of weeds growing through the fabric itself. This indicates that the fabric has become compromised, either through tearing, degradation, or clogging with organic matter. If you notice a significant increase in weed growth despite the presence of the fabric, it’s likely time for a replacement.
Another sign is a noticeable decrease in water permeability. If water pools on the surface of the fabric after rainfall, it suggests that the fabric is no longer allowing water to drain properly. This can lead to root rot and other moisture-related problems for your plants. Also, visible tears or damage to the fabric itself indicate it is no longer functioning effectively.