Hummingbirds, with their iridescent feathers and dazzling aerial acrobatics, are a delight to behold. Attracting these tiny jewels to your yard is not only rewarding but also beneficial for your garden’s ecosystem. By creating a hummingbird-friendly environment, you’ll provide them with the food, water, shelter, and nesting resources they need to thrive. This guide will walk you through the steps of transforming your outdoor space into a hummingbird haven.
Choosing the Right Plants: A Hummingbird Buffet
The cornerstone of a hummingbird garden is, undoubtedly, the plants. Hummingbirds are drawn to brightly colored, tubular flowers that are rich in nectar. When selecting plants, consider bloom time, height, and color to create a continuous source of food throughout the hummingbird season.
The Importance of Native Plants
Native plants are always the best choice for attracting hummingbirds. They are adapted to your local climate and soil conditions, requiring less maintenance and providing the most nutritious nectar. Native plants also support local insect populations, which are an essential food source for hummingbirds, especially during nesting season.
Top Native Plant Choices
- Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens): A climbing vine with bright red, trumpet-shaped flowers that hummingbirds adore.
- Bee Balm (Monarda spp.): Available in various colors, bee balm is a magnet for hummingbirds and bees alike.
- Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis): A striking red flower that adds a splash of color to shady areas.
Non-Native Options to Consider
While native plants are preferable, some non-native options can also attract hummingbirds. Just be sure to choose non-invasive varieties that won’t spread aggressively.
Popular Non-Native Choices
- Salvia (Salvia spp.): A diverse genus with many hummingbird-friendly varieties in various colors.
- Petunias (Petunia spp.): Easy to grow and available in a wide range of colors, petunias provide a reliable nectar source.
- Fuchsia (Fuchsia spp.): These delicate, drooping flowers are a hummingbird favorite, especially in shaded areas.
Creating a Bloom-Time Calendar
To ensure a continuous food supply, plan your garden with plants that bloom at different times throughout the hummingbird season.
Sample Bloom-Time Calendar
| Season | Plant Examples |
| :—– | :———————————————— |
| Spring | Trumpet Honeysuckle, Salvia (early varieties) |
| Summer | Bee Balm, Cardinal Flower, Petunias |
| Fall | Salvia (late varieties), Fuchsia (in warmer climates) |
Hummingbird Feeders: Supplementing Natural Food Sources
While a well-planted garden is ideal, hummingbird feeders can provide a supplemental food source, especially during migration and times when natural nectar is scarce.
Choosing the Right Feeder
Look for feeders that are easy to clean and have small feeding ports to prevent bees and other insects from accessing the nectar. Red feeders are generally more attractive to hummingbirds.
Important Feeder Features
- Easy to clean: Regularly cleaning your feeder is crucial to prevent mold and bacteria growth, which can harm hummingbirds.
- Bee guards: These prevent bees and wasps from stealing the nectar.
- Durable materials: Choose a feeder made from glass or sturdy plastic that can withstand the elements.
Making Your Own Hummingbird Nectar
The best hummingbird nectar is a simple solution of sugar and water. Never use honey, artificial sweeteners, or red dye, as these can be harmful to hummingbirds.
Nectar Recipe
- Mix 1 part white granulated sugar with 4 parts water.
- Boil the mixture for 1-2 minutes to dissolve the sugar completely and kill any bacteria.
- Allow the nectar to cool completely before filling your feeder.
- Store any unused nectar in the refrigerator for up to a week.
Feeder Placement and Maintenance
Place your hummingbird feeders in a location that is easily visible to hummingbirds but also protected from direct sunlight and strong winds.
Essential Maintenance Tips
- Clean your feeders every 2-3 days in warm weather and once a week in cooler weather.
- Use hot, soapy water to clean the feeder and rinse it thoroughly.
- Check the feeder regularly for leaks and damage.
- Hang multiple feeders to reduce competition among hummingbirds.
Providing Water and Shelter
While food is essential, hummingbirds also need access to water and shelter.
Water Sources for Hummingbirds
Hummingbirds don’t typically drink from bird baths, but they enjoy misting and shallow water sources.
Water Source Ideas
- Misters: A gentle misting system provides a refreshing way for hummingbirds to bathe.
- Dripping hoses: A slowly dripping hose creates a small puddle that hummingbirds can use.
- Shallow dishes: Place a shallow dish of water with pebbles or marbles in it to provide a safe landing spot.
Creating Shelter and Nesting Sites
Hummingbirds need shelter from the elements and safe places to build their nests.
Shelter and Nesting Ideas
- Trees and shrubs: Provide a variety of trees and shrubs for hummingbirds to perch and nest in.
- Vines: Climbing vines offer excellent cover and nesting sites.
- Artificial nesting materials: You can provide small pieces of cotton, pet fur, or plant fibers for hummingbirds to use in their nests.
Avoiding Pesticides and Herbicides
Pesticides and herbicides can be harmful to hummingbirds and the insects they rely on for food. Avoid using these chemicals in your yard to create a safe and healthy environment.
Natural Pest Control Methods
Instead of using harmful chemicals, opt for natural pest control methods.
Natural Pest Control Strategies
- Attract beneficial insects: Ladybugs, lacewings, and other beneficial insects can help control pests naturally.
- Hand-picking: Remove pests manually from plants.
- Neem oil: A natural insecticide that is safe for hummingbirds and other beneficial insects when used properly.
Creating a Safe Environment for Hummingbirds
Protecting hummingbirds from predators and other dangers is crucial for their survival.
Protecting Hummingbirds from Predators
Cats are a major threat to hummingbirds. Keep cats indoors or provide them with supervised outdoor time.
Predator Protection Tips
- Keep cats indoors: This is the most effective way to protect hummingbirds from cats.
- Place feeders out of reach of cats: Hang feeders high enough or in areas that cats cannot access.
- Provide escape routes: Plant dense shrubs and trees near feeders to provide hummingbirds with escape routes.
Window Collisions
Hummingbirds are often injured or killed by colliding with windows.
Preventing Window Collisions
- Apply window decals: Decals or stickers can make windows more visible to hummingbirds.
- Install screens: Screens can also help to break up the reflection of the sky.
- Move feeders away from windows: Placing feeders at least 10 feet away from windows can reduce the risk of collisions.
Hummingbird Gardening for Beginners
Starting a hummingbird garden can seem daunting, but it’s a rewarding experience that anyone can enjoy.
Start Small
Begin by planting a few hummingbird-friendly plants in a small area of your yard. You can always expand your garden later as you gain experience.
Observe and Learn
Pay attention to which plants attract the most hummingbirds and adjust your garden accordingly. Observe hummingbird behavior to understand their needs and preferences.
Enjoy the Process
Creating a hummingbird garden is a journey, not a destination. Enjoy the process of learning about these fascinating creatures and creating a beautiful and welcoming space for them.
By following these guidelines, you can transform your yard into a hummingbird paradise, providing these amazing birds with the food, water, shelter, and safety they need to thrive. The reward will be countless hours of enjoyment as you watch these tiny jewels flit and flutter through your garden. Remember that patience and persistence are key; it may take time for hummingbirds to discover your yard and make it their home. However, once they do, you’ll have created a valuable habitat that benefits both hummingbirds and the environment.
What types of flowers are best for attracting hummingbirds?
Hummingbirds are highly attracted to flowers with tubular shapes and vibrant colors, particularly red, orange, and pink. Native flowering plants are often the best choice as they are adapted to the local climate and provide a natural food source. Some excellent options include Salvia (Sage), Bee Balm (Monarda), Trumpet Vine (Campsis radicans), and Fuchsia. Consider planting a variety of these flowers with staggered blooming times to ensure a continuous food supply throughout the hummingbird season.
Avoid flowers with double blooms, as these often lack the nectar that hummingbirds seek. Also, be wary of hybrid flowers that might not produce nectar at all. Focus on planting flowers that are rich in nectar and easy for hummingbirds to access with their long beaks and tongues. Remember to research the specific flowering times of your chosen plants in your region to create a sustained nectar supply.
How can I make my own hummingbird nectar safely?
The best and safest hummingbird nectar is a simple solution of refined white sugar and water. The ideal ratio is 1 part sugar to 4 parts water (1:4). Do not use honey, brown sugar, artificial sweeteners, or any food coloring. Honey can promote the growth of harmful fungi, and artificial sweeteners offer no nutritional value. Red dye is unnecessary and potentially harmful to the birds.
To prepare the nectar, boil the water first to kill any bacteria and then stir in the sugar until it is completely dissolved. Allow the solution to cool completely before filling your hummingbird feeders. Store any unused nectar in the refrigerator for up to two weeks. Clean your hummingbird feeders regularly, at least every 2-3 days, especially in hot weather, to prevent mold and bacteria growth.
Where should I place my hummingbird feeders for the best results?
When choosing a location for your hummingbird feeders, consider accessibility, safety, and visibility. Place feeders in areas where hummingbirds can easily find them, such as near flowering plants or along commonly used flight paths. Ensure the feeders are protected from strong winds or direct sunlight, which can cause the nectar to spoil quickly. Also, consider your ability to easily access the feeders for cleaning and refilling.
Avoid placing feeders too close to windows or areas where cats might be lurking, as hummingbirds can be vulnerable to predators. Consider hanging feeders from shepherd’s hooks or attaching them to sturdy branches. Positioning multiple feeders in different locations can also reduce competition among hummingbirds and attract a larger population to your yard. Observation is key to learning their preferred locations.
Are pesticides harmful to hummingbirds?
Yes, pesticides can be extremely harmful to hummingbirds. They can be exposed to pesticides directly through contact or indirectly by consuming contaminated insects, nectar, or pollen. Pesticides can disrupt their nervous system, weaken their immune system, and even lead to death. Insecticides are particularly damaging as they eliminate the insects that hummingbirds need for protein, especially during breeding season.
To protect hummingbirds, avoid using pesticides in your yard altogether. Instead, consider natural pest control methods such as introducing beneficial insects (like ladybugs), using insecticidal soap or neem oil in targeted areas, and hand-picking pests whenever possible. Promoting a healthy ecosystem with a variety of native plants will also attract beneficial insects that help control pest populations naturally.
Do hummingbirds need water sources besides nectar?
While hummingbirds primarily get their energy from nectar, they also need access to fresh water for drinking and bathing. Providing a water source is especially important during hot and dry weather. Hummingbirds can’t easily drink from bird baths designed for larger birds, so they prefer shallow water sources or misting systems.
A simple way to provide water is to use a shallow dish with pebbles or marbles to give them a safe place to land and drink. Another option is to install a misting system or a gentle fountain. Make sure to clean your water sources regularly to prevent algae growth and keep the water fresh. Place the water source near flowering plants to encourage hummingbirds to visit.
How can I discourage bees and wasps from using my hummingbird feeders?
Bees and wasps are attracted to the sugary nectar in hummingbird feeders and can become a nuisance. To discourage them, choose feeders with bee guards or dome-shaped covers that prevent bees and wasps from accessing the nectar ports. You can also try moving the feeders to a new location, as bees and wasps tend to establish feeding patterns.
Another helpful tip is to ensure that your feeders are not leaking. Clean up any spilled nectar immediately to avoid attracting unwanted insects. Some people also use a small amount of petroleum jelly on the feeder ports, which makes it difficult for bees and wasps to grip. Avoid using pesticides or sticky traps near the feeders, as these can harm hummingbirds and other beneficial insects.
What else can I do to create a hummingbird-friendly yard besides planting flowers and providing feeders?
Beyond flowers and feeders, creating a hummingbird-friendly yard involves providing a safe and supportive environment. This includes offering shelter in the form of trees and shrubs where they can rest and nest. Planting a variety of native plants will also attract the insects that hummingbirds need for protein, particularly during breeding season. Consider leaving some areas of your yard a little wild to encourage insect populations.
Avoid using herbicides or pesticides that can harm hummingbirds and their food sources. Provide a clean water source for bathing and drinking. Consider adding a hummingbird house or nesting platform, although they may not always use them. Finally, be patient and observant. It takes time for hummingbirds to discover and become comfortable in your yard. By providing a welcoming habitat, you’ll increase your chances of attracting and enjoying these fascinating birds.