Planting herbs can bring fresh flavors and fragrances to your kitchen and garden. However, timing is crucial for successful herb cultivation. Knowing the optimal month to plant your herbs can significantly increase your chances of a bountiful harvest. This guide will explore the best times to plant various herbs, considering factors like climate, growing zones, and specific herb needs.
Understanding the Importance of Timing
The success of your herb garden hinges on planting at the right time. Several factors come into play, including temperature, sunlight, and soil conditions. Planting too early can expose your herbs to frost, while planting too late might not give them enough time to mature before the end of the growing season. Understanding your local climate and USDA plant hardiness zone is essential for making informed decisions.
The Role of Climate and Growing Zones
Your climate and growing zone determine the length of your growing season and the average temperatures in your area. The USDA plant hardiness zone map divides North America into zones based on average minimum winter temperatures. Knowing your zone helps you choose herbs that are likely to thrive in your region. For example, herbs that are hardy in zones 3-9 can tolerate colder winters than those suitable only for zones 7-10.
Considering the Specific Needs of Each Herb
Different herbs have different needs. Some herbs, like basil, prefer warm weather and are best planted after the last frost. Others, like parsley, can tolerate cooler temperatures and can be planted earlier in the spring. Understanding the specific requirements of each herb is crucial for successful planting. Consider factors like sunlight, soil type, and watering needs.
Spring Herb Planting: A Fresh Start
Spring is often considered the best time to plant many herbs. The soil begins to warm, and the risk of frost diminishes, creating ideal conditions for new growth. However, the specific month for planting will vary depending on your location and the particular herb.
Early Spring Planting (March-April)
In many regions, early spring (March-April) is a good time to plant cool-season herbs. These herbs can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures and may even benefit from a period of cool weather to establish strong roots.
Herbs to Plant in Early Spring
Parsley: Parsley is a hardy herb that can be planted in early spring. It prefers well-drained soil and partial shade. Parsley is often started indoors and transplanted outdoors after the last frost date.
Chives: Chives are another cool-season herb that can be planted in early spring. They are relatively easy to grow and can tolerate a wide range of conditions.
Thyme: Thyme is a perennial herb that can be planted in early spring. It prefers well-drained soil and full sun.
Mint: Mint is a fast-growing herb that can be planted in early spring. Be careful, as it can quickly spread and become invasive. Consider planting it in a container to control its growth.
Preparing the Soil for Spring Planting
Before planting herbs in the spring, it’s important to prepare the soil. Remove any weeds or debris and amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and fertility. Ensure the soil is well-drained to prevent root rot.
Late Spring Planting (May-June)
Late spring (May-June) is the ideal time to plant warm-season herbs. These herbs prefer warmer temperatures and are sensitive to frost.
Herbs to Plant in Late Spring
Basil: Basil is a popular herb that thrives in warm weather. It should be planted after the last frost date when the soil has warmed up. Basil is highly susceptible to frost damage.
Rosemary: Rosemary is a woody herb that prefers warm weather and well-drained soil. It can be planted in late spring or early summer.
Oregano: Oregano is a hardy herb that can be planted in late spring. It prefers well-drained soil and full sun.
Sage: Sage is a perennial herb that can be planted in late spring. It prefers well-drained soil and full sun.
Protecting Herbs from Late Frosts
Even in late spring, there is still a risk of late frosts. Be prepared to protect your herbs from frost by covering them with blankets or frost cloths if a frost is predicted.
Summer Herb Planting: Extending the Season
While spring is the most popular time to plant herbs, you can also plant some herbs in the summer to extend your growing season. This is especially useful if you want to have a continuous supply of fresh herbs throughout the summer and into the fall.
Early Summer Planting (June-July)
Early summer (June-July) is a good time to plant herbs that have a short growing season or that can tolerate warmer temperatures.
Herbs to Plant in Early Summer
Cilantro: Cilantro is a fast-growing herb that can be planted in early summer. However, it tends to bolt (go to seed) in hot weather, so plant it in a shady spot or choose a bolt-resistant variety.
Dill: Dill is another fast-growing herb that can be planted in early summer. It prefers well-drained soil and full sun.
Summer Savory: Summer Savory is an annual herb with a peppery flavor. It can be planted in early summer and harvested throughout the summer.
Watering Herbs in Summer
During the summer months, it’s important to water your herbs regularly, especially during hot and dry periods. Water deeply and less frequently to encourage deep root growth. Avoid watering the foliage, as this can lead to fungal diseases.
Late Summer Planting (August)
Late summer (August) can be a good time to plant herbs that will continue to grow into the fall. This is especially useful for extending the harvest of cool-season herbs.
Herbs to Plant in Late Summer
Arugula: Arugula is a leafy green with a peppery flavor that can be planted in late summer. It prefers cooler temperatures and partial shade.
Lettuce: Similar to arugula, lettuce thrives in cooler temperature. Planting in late summer allows for harvesting in the early fall.
Spinach: Like other leafy greens, spinach does best in cooler weather. Late summer planting can result in a bountiful fall harvest.
Preparing for Fall Harvests
When planting herbs in late summer, consider the timing of the first frost. Choose herbs that have enough time to mature before the frost arrives. You can also use row covers or other protective measures to extend the growing season.
Fall Herb Planting: Preparing for Next Year
While most herbs are planted in the spring or summer, some herbs can be planted in the fall to get a head start on the following year. This is especially true for perennial herbs that can tolerate cold weather.
Planting Perennial Herbs in the Fall
Fall planting allows perennial herbs to establish strong root systems before the winter. This can give them a head start in the spring and result in a more robust plant.
Benefits of Fall Planting
- Stronger Root Systems: Fall planting allows herbs to develop strong root systems before the winter dormancy period.
- Early Spring Growth: Herbs planted in the fall will be ready to grow quickly in the spring.
- Reduced Watering: Fall weather is typically cooler and wetter than summer weather, so you may need to water your herbs less frequently.
Herbs Suitable for Fall Planting
Garlic: While technically not an herb, garlic is often grown alongside herbs and is best planted in the fall.
Chives: These can be planted in the fall as dormant plants to get a head start.
Thyme: Certain varieties of thyme can be planted in the fall to establish before winter.
Protecting Fall-Planted Herbs
Mulch: Apply a layer of mulch around your herbs to help insulate the soil and protect the roots from freezing.
Watering: Water your herbs regularly until the ground freezes.
Indoor Herb Planting: Year-Round Gardening
If you live in a region with a short growing season or harsh winters, you can grow herbs indoors year-round. This allows you to enjoy fresh herbs regardless of the weather outside.
Choosing the Right Herbs for Indoor Growing
Some herbs are better suited for indoor growing than others. Herbs that tolerate low light and don’t require a lot of space are ideal for indoor cultivation.
Best Herbs for Indoor Growing
Mint: Mint is a vigorous grower that can be easily grown indoors in a container.
Chives: Chives are another easy-to-grow herb that can be grown indoors.
Parsley: Parsley can be grown indoors with adequate light.
Oregano: Oregano adapts well to indoor environments with sufficient sunlight.
Creating the Ideal Indoor Environment
Light: Provide your herbs with plenty of light. If you don’t have a sunny window, use a grow light.
Soil: Use a well-draining potting mix.
Watering: Water your herbs regularly, but avoid overwatering.
Temperature: Maintain a consistent temperature between 60°F and 75°F.
A Month-by-Month Herb Planting Guide
This provides a general guideline. Always consult your local extension office for the most accurate planting times for your specific region.
- January: Start seeds indoors for herbs like parsley, oregano, and thyme.
- February: Continue starting seeds indoors.
- March: Plant cool-season herbs like parsley, chives, and thyme outdoors in warmer climates.
- April: Plant cool-season herbs outdoors in most regions. Start warm-season herbs like basil and rosemary indoors.
- May: Plant warm-season herbs outdoors after the last frost.
- June: Plant cilantro and dill. Continue planting warm-season herbs.
- July: Plant summer savory. Ensure adequate watering during hot weather.
- August: Plant arugula and other leafy greens for a fall harvest.
- September: Prepare for fall planting of perennial herbs.
- October: Plant garlic and other fall-planted herbs.
- November: Mulch fall-planted herbs to protect them from the cold.
- December: Continue growing herbs indoors.
Troubleshooting Common Herb Planting Problems
Even with careful planning, you may encounter problems when planting herbs. Here are some common issues and how to address them:
- Poor Germination: Use fresh seeds and provide adequate moisture and warmth.
- Slow Growth: Ensure your herbs are getting enough sunlight, water, and nutrients.
- Pests and Diseases: Monitor your herbs for pests and diseases and take appropriate action.
- Bolting: Plant bolt-resistant varieties of herbs like cilantro and provide shade during hot weather.
Final Thoughts on Herb Planting Timing
Choosing the best month to plant herbs depends on several factors, including your climate, growing zone, and the specific needs of each herb. By understanding these factors and following the guidelines in this article, you can increase your chances of a successful herb garden and enjoy fresh herbs throughout the year. Remember to research the specific requirements of each herb you want to grow and adjust your planting schedule accordingly. Happy gardening!
When is the absolute best month to plant most herbs outdoors?
Generally speaking, May is considered the best month to plant most herbs outdoors in many temperate climates. This is because the soil has warmed up sufficiently, the risk of frost has largely passed, and the daylight hours are increasing. Planting in May gives the herbs a long growing season to establish strong roots and produce plenty of foliage before the onset of colder weather.
However, “best” is relative and depends on your specific location and the particular herbs you’re planting. Some herbs, like cilantro and dill, thrive in cooler temperatures and might bolt (go to seed) in the heat of summer, so planting them earlier in the spring or even in late summer for a fall harvest is preferable. Always check the specific needs of each herb variety for optimal planting times.
What are the best herbs to plant in early spring, like March or April?
Cool-season herbs that tolerate light frosts are ideal for planting in early spring, around March or April, depending on your region’s last frost date. These herbs often thrive in cooler temperatures and may even benefit from the slightly cooler soil. Planting them early gives them a head start before the summer heat arrives.
Examples of herbs well-suited for early spring planting include cilantro, dill, parsley, chives, and mint. These herbs tend to bolt or become bitter in hotter weather, so getting them established early allows you to enjoy their flavors before the summer heat kicks in. Ensure your soil is workable and well-drained before planting.
Can I plant herbs in the summer, like in July or August?
Yes, you can definitely plant herbs in the summer, although you need to take extra precautions to ensure they establish successfully. The heat can be stressful for young plants, so providing adequate water and shade is crucial. Opt for heat-tolerant varieties if possible, and consider starting seeds indoors a few weeks before transplanting to give them a head start.
Herbs like basil, rosemary, thyme, oregano, and sage can generally be planted in the summer, especially if you’re transplanting seedlings rather than direct sowing seeds. Water deeply and regularly, particularly during the hottest parts of the day. Consider using shade cloth or planting in a location that receives afternoon shade to protect the young plants from excessive heat stress.
Are there any herbs that are best planted in the fall?
Absolutely! Fall planting can be an excellent way to get a jump start on the next growing season for some perennial herbs. The cooler temperatures and increased rainfall in the fall can help these herbs establish strong root systems before winter arrives. This gives them a distinct advantage when spring rolls around.
Garlic is a very popular herb to plant in the fall, typically a few weeks before the first expected frost. Other hardy perennial herbs like chives, thyme, oregano, and sage can also be successfully planted in the fall. Mulching around the plants will help protect their roots from freezing temperatures and prevent soil erosion during the winter months.
What role does my local climate play in determining the best month to plant herbs?
Your local climate is the single most important factor in determining the optimal planting time for herbs. The length of your growing season, the average temperatures, and the risk of frost all play significant roles. Gardeners in warmer climates with longer growing seasons can typically plant herbs earlier in the spring and later in the fall compared to those in colder regions.
Consulting local gardening resources, such as your county extension office or experienced gardeners in your area, is crucial. They can provide specific information about the average frost dates and the best planting times for various herbs in your particular region. Paying attention to microclimates within your own yard can also help you fine-tune your planting schedule.
How does starting herbs from seeds vs. transplants affect the best planting month?
Starting herbs from seeds versus transplants significantly impacts the best time to plant. Seeds require warmer soil temperatures and a longer period to germinate and establish compared to transplants. Therefore, if you’re starting from seeds, you’ll typically need to plant earlier in the season, either directly in the ground or indoors, to give them sufficient time to mature.
Transplants, on the other hand, already have an established root system and can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures and less ideal conditions. This means you can often plant transplants later in the season than you would sow seeds. Buying transplants from a reputable nursery can also give you a wider selection of herbs to choose from, especially if you’re planting in a less-than-ideal month.
What if I’m planting herbs indoors? Does the planting month matter as much?
When planting herbs indoors, the specific month is less crucial compared to outdoor planting, as you have more control over the environment. You can provide consistent temperatures, adequate light, and appropriate moisture levels, regardless of the external weather conditions. This allows for greater flexibility in your planting schedule.
However, even when planting indoors, considering the natural growth cycles of herbs can still be beneficial. For example, starting herbs indoors in late winter or early spring allows them to be well-established by the time the outdoor growing season begins, making them ready for transplanting if desired. Providing supplemental light during the shorter days of winter can also help ensure healthy growth.